Kev Taw Qhia Txog Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) yog ib qho -dimensional nanoscale tubular nanomaterials tsim los ntawm curling graphite carbon atoms ua lub hauv paus tsev. Txij li thaum lawv nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1991, cia siab rau lawv cov microstructure tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo heev, lawv tau sai sai los ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb hotspot thiab daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv nanomaterials, dav nkag mus rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam tawm tswv yim xws li siab- kawg kev tsim khoom, lub zog tshiab, precision electronics, thiab aerospace. Lawv hu ua "cov khoom siv muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st".
I. Basic Classification ntawm Carbon Nanotubes
Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm microstructure, carbon nanotubes tuaj yeem faib ua peb pawg. Cov khoom ntawm ntau pawg muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Tam sim no, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam yog ob peb-walled carbon nanotubes thiab multi-walled carbon nanotubes, thaum ultra-fine carbon nanotubes, raws li ib tug siab-kawg segmented qeb, tsom rau cov kev xav tau ntawm siab -precision scenarios.
1. Ib leeg-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs): Tsim los ntawm curling ib txheej ntawm graphite nplooj ntawv, nrog ib txoj kab uas hla feem ntau ntawm 0.4-2nm. Lawv muaj cov qauv tsis tu ncua, tsis tshua muaj qhov tsis xws luag, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv nyuaj rau kev npaj, yooj yim rau agglomerate, thiab muaj nqi siab. Lawv tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv high-end scientific kev tshawb fawb, precision hluav taws xob chips thiab lwm yam scenarios nrog huab kev ua tau zoo yuav tsum tau.
2. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs): Tsim los ntawm curling ntau txheej ntawm concentric graphite nplooj ntawv, nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2-100nm thiab ntev mus txog qib micrometer. Lawv muaj cov cuab yeej ua kom paub tab, tus nqi nruab nrab, thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo heev, tab sis lawv cov hluav taws xob conductivity thiab dispersion yog me ntsis qis dua ib qho -walled thiab ob peb-walled carbon nanotubes. Lawv feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-rau-high-end conductive thiab reinforcing scenarios, xws li zoo tib yam conductive coatings thiab yas hloov.
3. Ob peb-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (FWCNTs): Nruab nrab ntawm ib leeg-walled thiab multi-walled, tsim los ntawm curling 2-5 txheej ntawm graphite nplooj ntawv, nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2-8nm. Lawv muaj ob qho tib si hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob siab ntawm ib qho -cov pa roj carbon nanotubes thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov ntawm ntau- cov pa roj carbon nanotubes, thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua. Lawv tam sim no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntsuas kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi. Ultra-cov pa roj carbon zoo nanotubes (inch Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10nm), raws li cov theem siab kawg ntawm ob peb lub phab ntsa carbon nanotubes, ntxiv txhim kho kev tawg thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov ntau dua.
II. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Carbon Nanotubes
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm carbon nanotubes los ntawm lawv cov qauv tubular graphite tshwj xeeb. Lawv qhia qhov zoo tshaj li cov khoom siv hauv ntau qhov ntev xws li mechanics, hluav taws xob, thermology, thiab chemistry, uas tseem yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas lawv tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom siv xws li cov pa roj carbon dub thiab txhawb kev txhim kho kev lag luam.
1. Cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob: Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev, nrog lub ntim resistivity tsawg li 1.0 × 10⁻⁴-5.0 × 10⁻³ Ω·cm thiab qhov chaw tiv thaiv tau kho tau rau 1.0 × 10¹-5.0 × 10² Ω / sq. Lawv muaj ib tug ceev electron kis tus nqi, thiab lawv cov hluav taws xob conductivity yog zoo dua li cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm siv xws li conductive carbon dub thiab graphite. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov kev ruaj ntseg kuj muaj zog, tsis yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig yam xws li kub thiab av noo, thiab lawv tuaj yeem tswj cov hluav taws xob ua tau zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev.
2. Mechanical Yam ntxwv: Lub zog tensile ntawm carbon nanotubes tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40-80 GPa, elastic modulus siab li 1.0 × 10³-1.8 × 10³ GPa, thiab hardness yog 20-40 GPa, uas yog ntau tshaj 100 npaug ntawm cov hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv muaj zoo heev toughness thiab hnav tsis kam. Ntxiv me me (1%-5%) ntawm lawv rau cov ntaub ntawv matrix xws li plastics, roj hmab, thiab ceramics tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm txhua yam, kev cuam tshuam thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ua tiav ob lub hom phiaj ntawm "lub teeb yuag + kev ua haujlwm siab".
3. Cov yam ntxwv thermal: Lub axial thermal conductivity ntawm carbon nanotubes tuaj yeem ncav cuag 1500-3000 W/(m·K), radial thermal conductivity yog 50-100 W/(m·K), thiab qhov kub tsis kam tiv taus yog siab txog 700℃(nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw inert gas). Lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm -100℃txog 600℃yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis kev laus. Lawv muaj ob qho tib si siab - thermal conductivity thiab zoo heev kub-kub kuj, haum rau high-temperature processing thiab high-end tshav kub dissipation scenarios.
4. Tshuaj thiab Dispersion yam ntxwv: Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo heev, tiv taus cov tshuaj lom neeg hnyav xws li muaj zog acids, muaj zog alkalis, thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic, tsis hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj feem ntau, thiab muaj cov oxidation zoo thiab corrosion kuj. Tom qab kev kho qhov chaw hloov kho, lawv tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm agglomeration zoo, ua tiav cov khoom tawg hauv dej, cov kuab tshuaj organic thiab ntau yam ntaub ntawv matrix yam tsis tau ntxiv cov dispersants ntau dhau, thiab kev ruaj ntseg dispersion tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 72 teev.
5. Cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig: Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes lawv tus kheej tsis yog - tshuaj lom, tsis qab, thiab tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm plua plav paug, ua raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Piv nrog rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cov pa roj carbon dub, uas ua rau cov plua plav paug thiab qee qhov muaj cov hlau tsis huv, lawv tsim nyog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv siab - kawg thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau cov xwm txheej muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv kho mob thiab kev sib cuag zaub mov.
III. Core Application Fields ntawm Carbon Nanotubes
Raws li kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo, carbon nanotubes tau maj mam hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv, dhau los ua cov khoom txhawb nqa tseem ceeb rau kev kho dua tshiab ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam siab - kawg. Lawv daim ntawv thov scenarios tau nthuav dav tas li, suav nrog ntau qhov chaw los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb mus rau kev tsim khoom loj, thiab los ntawm pej xeem siab - xaus rau kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws thiab kev lag luam tub rog.
1. Tshiab Zog Field: Raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, nws yog dav siv hauv cov khoom xws li lithium roj teeb, supercapacitors, thiab roj hlwb. Hauv cov roj teeb lithium, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los txhim kho kev them nyiaj thiab kev tawm dag zog, lub neej voj voog thiab lub zog ceev, daws qhov mob taw tes uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj ntau ntxiv thiab cuam tshuam cov roj teeb lub zog. Hauv supercapacitors, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho hluav taws xob conductivity thiab lub zog cia kev ua haujlwm. Hauv cov roj hlwb, nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cab cab los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm catalytic thiab ruaj khov.
2. Precision Electronics Field: Tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej xws li antistatic, electromagnetic shielding, nti kub dissipation, thiab hloov tau hluav taws xob. Nws tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov txheej txheem antistatic thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, txo cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, txhim kho electromagnetic shielding nyhuv, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm precision hluav taws xob cov khoom. Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nti, nws tuaj yeem xa tawm cov hluav taws kub sai thiab ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov yeeb yaj kiab hloov pauv hloov pauv, teb - cuam tshuam cov transistors, thiab lwm yam, pab txhim kho kev lag luam khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov tau yooj yim.
3. Advanced Composite Materials Field: Siv rau kev txhim kho thiab hloov kho cov khoom siv polymer sib xyaw (yas, roj hmab, fibers), hlau matrix composite cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ceramic matrix composite cov ntaub ntawv, txhim kho lub zog txhua yam, hluav taws xob conductivity, thermal conductivity thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv aerospace Cheebtsam, automotive lub teeb qhov chaw, siab -kawg cov cuab yeej casings, thiab lwm yam., realizing lub teeb yuag thiab siab - kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
4. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb: Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb nanomaterial, nws tau siv dav hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, suav nrog kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanomaterials, kev tsim cov khoom siv tshiab, kev tshawb fawb txog hluav taws xob kis tau tus mob mechanisms, thiab biomedicine (tshuaj xa cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob), kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab, kev tshawb fawb txog hluav taws xob kis tau tus mob, thiab biomedicine (tshuaj xa cov thev naus laus zis rau cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis).
5. Lwm cov teb: Nws tuaj yeem siv los npaj siab -kawg conductive inks thiab hnav- tiv taus thiab tiv thaiv- txheej txheej corrosion, yoog raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob luam tawm thiab siab - tiv thaiv cov khoom siv kawg. Raws li ib puag ncig adsorption khoom, nws tuaj yeem siv rau adsorption ntawm cov hlau hnyav thiab cov pa phem, pab kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv siab -kawg teb xws li kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws thiab kev lag luam tub rog thiab kev tshawb nrhiav chaw.
IV. Kev tsim kho kev lag luam thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm Carbon Nanotubes
Nrog rau kev hloov kho sai ntawm lub ntiaj teb siab -kev lag luam kawg, kev lag luam xav tau cov pa roj carbon nanotubes txuas ntxiv mus, thiab kev lag luam kev loj hlob maj mam hloov los ntawm "laboratory research and development" mus rau "loj-scale mass production and customized application". Qhov kev ua tiav ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb thiab loj- nplai ntau lawm tau dhau los ua tus yuam sij rau kev txhawb nqa qhov nrov thiab siv cov pa roj carbon nanotubes.
Tam sim no, kev lag luam hauv tsev cov pa roj carbon nanotube tau ua tiav kev ywj pheej, rhuav tshem lub sijhawm ntev - kev lag luam txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv qhov siab -kawg carbon nanotubes. Ntawm lawv, cov tuam txhab uas muaj tag nrho -chain technical zog tau kov yeej cov teeb meem tseem ceeb xws li "kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm ultra-fine particle size", "high-stability dispersion" thiab "loj-scale mass production", ua tiav cov saw hlau los ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom, cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob, loj - cov kev pabcuam loj.
Noj Shandong TANFENG, ib tug ua lag luam nyob rau hauv domestic carbon nanotube teb, raws li ib tug piv txwv, cia siab rau ib tug kws R & D pab neeg nrog ib tug nruab nrab ntawm ntau tshaj 12 xyoo ntawm kev paub, nws tau sau ntau tshaj 30 ywj siab invention patents. Nws muaj nws tus kheej tsim tshwj xeeb kev hloov kho deg thiab precision purification txheej txheem, uas tuaj yeem kho qhov loj me me, kev tiv thaiv thiab dispersion kev ua tau zoo ntawm carbon nanotubes. Nws tau tsim cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb thoob ntiaj teb, nruab nrog lub kaw lus tsis siv neeg kaw- cov kab ntau lawm, nrog rau txhua xyoo muaj peev xwm ntawm 1000 tons, paub txog tag nrho - txheej txheem ntse tswj kom ruaj khov batch kev ua tau zoo. Nws tau tsim lub chaw soj ntsuam kev ua tiav tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam, nruab nrog tag nrho cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws siab -cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tseeb, txhawm rau ntsuas 18 qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau cov khoom zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, nws muab "ib- ntawm-ib" cov kev pabcuam customized thiab tag nrho- txheej txheem kev txhawb nqa los hloov kho rau tus kheej cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam sib txawv thiab txhawb kev siv cov pa roj carbon nanotubes hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog kev txuas ntxiv ntawm thev naus laus zis thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom, cov pa roj carbon nanotubes yuav maj mam nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab - mus rau - siab - qhov kawg scenarios, hloov cov khoom siv ib txwm ua kom tau txais kev kho dua tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv thaj chaw tshiab xws li carbon-raws li chips, biomedicine thiab chaw tshawb nrhiav, lawv yuav tsum qhib qhov chaw thov tshiab thiab dhau los ua lub zog tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev sib koom tes ntawm kev tsim kho nanoscience thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim khoom siab - kawg.