Qhov twg yog "nyuaj," carbon nanotubes (CNTs) lossis pob zeb diamond? Cov lus teb nyob ntawm seb koj puas siv siab rau nws. Hais txog Mohs hardness, ob yog piv rau - hardness ntawm carbon nanotubes yog piv rau cov pob zeb diamond. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Vickers hardness, natural state carbon nanotubes (185.1 HV) yog deb tshaj li pob zeb diamond (ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 10,000 HV). Tab sis ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb tshwm sim thaum cov pa roj carbon nanotubes txias compressed: lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov theem ultrahard nrog cov qauv ntawm 447 GPa, nrog cov nqi hardness nce los ntawm thawj 185.1 HV mus rau 241 GPa (24,100 HV), uas yog 4 npaug ntawm pob zeb diamond ntxhib (kwv yees li 60 GPa). Qhov no txhais tau tias: nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj mob, pob zeb diamond nyuaj dua; tom qab siab- kev kho siab, cov pa roj carbon nanotubes tuaj yeem dhau pob zeb diamond los ua "King of Ultrahard Materials." Shandong Tanfeng Cov Khoom Siv Tshiab muab siab -purity ntau-walled/single-walled carbon nanotubes, ua cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm siab - kev tshawb fawb.
1. Ua ntej txhais tus qauv: Ob hom "Hardness," Ob lo lus teb
Xaus:Qhov twg yog "nyuaj," carbon nanotubes lossis pob zeb diamond? Nws nyob ntawm seb hom hardness twg koj ntsuas - Mohs hardness, Vickers hardness, thiab bulk modulus tom qab ultra-high pressure transformation muab cov lus teb sib txawv kiag li.
Lo lus "hardness" hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb muaj tsawg kawg yog peb lub ntsiab lus. Cov kev ntsuas sib txawv thiab cov xwm txheej sib txawv muab cov lus xaus sib txawv:
| Hom Hardness | Kev ntsuas ntsuas | Pob Zeb Diamond Tus Nqi | Carbon Nanotube Tus nqi tsim nyog |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness | Scratch minerals tawm tsam ib leeg | 10 (siab tshaj) | Piv rau pob zeb diamond |
| Vickers Hardness (Normal State) | Pob zeb diamond indenter nias hauv | Ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 10,000 HV (kwv yees li 100 GPa) | 185.1 HV (cov khoom siv sib xyaw) |
| Vickers Hardness (High -Phauj Siab) | Ntsuas tom qab txias compression | Kwv yees li 100-150 GPa | 241 GPa (nanotwinned pob zeb diamond pob zeb ua los ntawm CNTs) |
| Bulk Modulus | Tsis kam mus compression | Kwv yees li 440-442 GPa | Txias compressed theem 447 GPa |
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb yog:Qhov ntsuas hardness tus nqi ntawm carbon nanotubes nyob rau hauv lawv lub xeev ntuj yog kuj tsawg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv composites), tab sis thaum lawv raug rau huab compression, lawv hloov mus rau hauv ib tug ultrahard theem uas nyuaj tshaj pob zeb diamond.
Nco tseg: Vickers hardness ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotube cov khoom sib xyaw (xws li CNT / 2024 aluminium alloy) yog hais txog 185 HV. Tus nqi no qhia txog tag nrho hardness ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, tsis yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotubes lawv tus kheej. Kev tshawb fawb txog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotubes feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm ultra-high pressure theem transformation.
2. Lub Xeev Kev Sib Tw: Mohs Hardness Tie, Vickers Hardness Pob Zeb Diamond Yeej
Xaus:Nyob rau hauv "ib txwm" tej yam kev mob (ib txwm siab, chav tsev kub) uas peb ntsib nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, pob zeb diamond yog tus huab tais ntawm hardness. Lub hardness kev ua tau zoo ntawm carbon nanotubes tsuas yog nyob ntawm lub composite matrix.
2.1 Mohs Hardness: caj dab thiab caj dab
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm "kev sib nrig sib khawb," qhov hardness ntawm carbon nanotubes yog "piv" rau cov pob zeb diamond.
Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes yog tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom txuas los ntawm sp² covalent daim ntawv cog lus ua rau rau - cov tswv cuab lub nplhaib, thaum lub pob zeb diamond muaj peb - lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm sp³ covalent bonds. Ob leeg yog carbon-carbon bonds - ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj ruaj khov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, thaum khawb ib leeg, ob leeg tsis muaj qhov zoo dua rau lwm tus.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm layman:Pob zeb diamond tuaj yeem khawb iav, thiab cov pa roj carbon nanotubes tuaj yeem khawb iav - ntawm qhov ntev no, ob txoj hlua khi.
2.2 Vickers Hardness: Pob Zeb Diamond Dominates
Vickers hardness yog ntsuas los ntawm nias lub pob zeb diamond indenter rau hauv cov khoom nto thiab ntsuas qhov tob indentation. Hauv qhov kev sim no, cov pa roj carbon nanotubes hauv xeev tau qis dua rau pob zeb diamond:
| Khoom siv | Vickers Hardness |
|---|---|
| Pob zeb diamond | Kwv yees li 100 GPa magnitude (10,000 HV) |
| Carbon Nanotube / Aluminium Alloy Composite | Qhov siab tshaj plaws kwv yees li 185.1 HV tom qab kev daws teeb meem + kev laus kev kho mob |
Qhov sib txawv yog li 50-fold.
Tab sis ntawm no yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: 185 HV ntsuas qhov "carbon nanotube + aluminium alloy" tag nrho - kev tshawb fawb uas qhia txog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotubes lawv tus kheej yog ua los siv lwm qhov "ultra- siab siab" system hauv chav kuaj.
3. Lub Sij Hawm "Kev Hloov Kho": Siv lub zog rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide, lawv nyuaj dua li pob zeb diamond
Xaus:Thaum cov pa roj carbon nanotubes txias compressed mus rau saum toj li ntawm 75 GPa (750,000 cua), lawv hloov mus rau hauv ib qho tshiab ultrahard carbon theem nrog ib tug bulk modulus tshaj lub pob zeb diamond.
Qhov no yog qhov tiag "trump card" ntawm carbon nanotubes.
3.1 Cold Compression Experiment: 75 GPa Triggers Phase Transition
Hauv xyoo 2004, ib pab neeg coj los ntawm Zhongwu Wang ntawm University of Arizona tau tshaj tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm hauvPNAS. Lawv tso ntau-phab ntsa cov pa roj carbon nanotubes nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb diamond anvil cell thiab pressurized lawv mus txog 100 GPa (kwv yees li 1 lab cua). Lawv pom tias ntawm li 75 GPa, cov pa roj carbon nanotubes hloov mus rau hauv cov theem tshiab hexagonal carbon.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb:
| Parameter | Tus nqi |
|---|---|
| Bulk Modulus | 447 GPa (nrog K'=4 tsau), tshaj pob zeb diamond kwv yees li 440-442 GPa |
| Qhov ntom | 3.6 ± 0.2 g / cm³, piv rau pob zeb diamond |
| Rov qab tau | Cov theem no tau khaws cia rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig tom qab lub siab tso tawm |
Bulk modulus yog qhov taw qhia ntawm cov khoom siv "ua haujlwm rau compression" - qhov siab dua ntawm cov khoom siv ntau, qhov nyuaj dua cov khoom yog compression hauv siab. Lub siab - theem siab ntawm carbon nanotubes tshaj pob zeb diamond hauv qhov ntsuas no.
3.2 Nanotwinned Pob Zeb Diamond Bundles: Cov ntaub ntawv -Tuag 241 GPa
Xyoo 2021, ib pab neeg coj los ntawm xibfwb Zhao Zhisheng thiab xibfwb Xu Bo ntawm Yanshan University tau tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb hauvPNAS. Siv cov kev taw qhia zoo heev -cov pa roj carbon nanotube cov yeeb yaj kiab ua ntej, lawv tau tsim cov pob zeb diamond nrog cov pob zeb zoo nkauj zoo nkauj nanotwinned los ntawm kev siab -siab siab-kub (HPHT) kev kho mob.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg nkaus:
| Parameter | Tus nqi |
|---|---|
| Knoop Hardness | Txog 241 GPa, ntau dua 20% siab dua li cov ntaub ntawv ntiaj teb dhau los |
241 GPa txhais li cas? Lub Knoop hardness ntawm ntxhib pob zeb diamond (natural pob zeb diamond) yog feem ntau ntawm 60-100 GPa. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias "nanotwinned pob zeb diamond" hloov los ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotubes yog 2-4 zaug nyuaj dua li pob zeb diamond zoo tib yam.
Qhov kev sim kuj pom tau tias cov khoom no nthuav tawm cov khoom siv anisotropy tseem ceeb: qhov hardness txawv nyob ntawm qhov taw qhia ntawm nanotwinned bundles, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws hardness tiav thaum lub indenter yog perpendicular rau cov ntxaib bundles.
4. "Theoretical Ceiling": Peb -Dimensional Covalent Carbon Nanotubes
Xaus:Kev suav cov theoretical kwv yees tias Vickers hardness ntawm qee yam peb -dimensional covalent carbon nanotube polymers tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40 GPa, poob ntawm cubic boron nitride thiab pob zeb diamond.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev sim ua ke, cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv thawj zaug -cov ntsiab lus suav los kwv yees ultrahard carbon nanotube polymers uas tseem tsis tau ua ke.
| Tus Qauv Npe | Vickers Hardness | Band yam ntxwv |
|---|---|---|
| CNP-oC36 | 40.4 GPA | Indirect bandgap semiconductor (1.29 eV) |
| CNP-oC40 | 37.1 TSI | Indirect bandgap semiconductor (0.67 eV) |
These structures can be considered as three-dimensional covalent crosslinked networks of carbon nanotubes with different chiralities. Their Vickers hardness has already entered the "ultrahard material" range (>40 GPa feem ntau suav hais tias yog qhov pib rau cov khoom siv ultrahard).
Txawm hais tias tseem nyob rau theem theoretical rau tam sim no, cov kev kwv yees no qhia tias lub peev xwm rau cov pa roj carbon nanotubes hloov mus rau peb -cov qauv ultrahard qhov ntev tshaj qhov kev nkag siab tam sim no.
5. Ib lub rooj kom nkag siab: Qhov twg yog "Nyob"?
| Test Condition / Xeev | Pob zeb diamond | Cov pa roj carbon Nanotube | Yeej |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mohs Hardness (khib nyiab) | 10 | Piv rau pob zeb diamond | Khi |
| Lub Xeev Vickers Hardness | ~ 100 GPa | 185 HV (cov khoom siv sib xyaw) | Pob zeb diamond |
| Bulk Modulus tom qab Txias Compression | ~ 440 GPa | 447 gp ua | Cov pa roj carbon Nanotube |
| Siab -Hnub Phase Vickers Hardness | ~ 100 GPa | 241 GPA | Cov pa roj carbon Nanotube |
Cov lus teb kawg:
Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob:Pob zeb diamond yog "nyuaj." Hauv kev sim hauv lub xeev ib txwm, Vickers hardness ntawm pob zeb diamond deb tshaj li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv carbon nanotube composite.
Nyob rau hauv siab:Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes yog "nyuaj." Thaum cov pa roj carbon nanotubes compressed saum 75 GPa, lawv hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom siv ultrahard uas nyuaj dua pob zeb diamond - txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm bulk modulus (447 vs 440 GPa) los yog Vickers hardness (241 vs ~ 100 GPa), lawv comprehensively surpass pob zeb diamond.
Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes zoo li "vajtswv ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntiaj teb - tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob, tab sis thaum lawv "peb lub qhov muag qhib" (hloov siab heev yog thov), lawv hardness instantly surpasses pob zeb diamond los ua tus "King of Ultrahard Materials."
6. Shandong Tanfeng Cov Khoom Siv Tshiab: "Raw Material Base" ntawm Carbon Nanotube Kev Lag Luam
Shandong Tanfeng New Material Technology Co., Ltd. muab siab -purity (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 98%) multi-walled/single-walled carbon nanotube hmoov, ua cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txiav- ntug kev tshawb fawb xws li siab - theem hloov pauv.
Txawm hais tias nws yog Yanshan University cov ntaub ntawv - rhuav tshem 241 GPa kev tshawb fawb lossis University of Arizona 75 GPa txias compression theem hloov kev tshawb fawb, qhov pib ntawm ob qho tib si yog siab - cov khoom zoo carbon nanotube raw khoom.
Shandong Tanfeng Tshiab Khoom Siv Technology Co., Ltd. yog qhov tseeb "qhov chaw fais fab" ntawm txoj kev no los ntawm "cov khoom siv raw rau ultrahard."
| Advantage Dimension | Tanfeng Cov Khoom Tshiab Lub Zog |
|---|---|
| Khoom Matrix | Tag nrho ntau yam ntawm ib qho -walled / ob chav-walled/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT/DWCNT/MWCNT) |
| Khoom Purity | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 98%, zoo batch sib xws |
| Cov txheej txheem npaj | Arc tawm, laser ablation, tshuaj vapor deposition (CVD); paub ntau yam txheej txheem |
| Ntsiab Parameters | TF-210 series, thiab lwm yam; particle loj 5-15 μm |
| Mechanical Properties | Theoretical Young's modulus mus txog 5 TPa; lub zog 100 npaug ntawm cov hlau; hnyav 1/6 ntawm steel |
| Daim ntawv thov Layout | Xya lub tswv yim kev taw qhia nrog rau lub zog tshiab tsheb, aerospace, tsheb ciav hlau |
Pab pawg Yanshan University muaj peev xwm los tsim lub ntiaj teb no -cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv nrog "Knoop hardness ntawm 241 GPa" tso siab rau siab - zoo carbon nanotube precursors. Nrog 20 xyoo ntawm kev lag luam tsub zuj zuj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv carbon, Tanfeng Tshiab Khoom muab ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha raw khoom kev ruaj ntseg rau xws li kev txiav- ntug kev tshawb fawb.
Xaus: Uas Nyuaj? Teb - Pob zeb diamond nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, carbon Nanotubes nyob rau hauv siab
| Xeev | Nyuaj dua | Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|
| Nquag Siab thiab Kub | Pob zeb diamond | Vickers hardness kwv yees li 100 GPa vs. CNT composite 185 HV |
| High Pressure (>75 GPa) | Cov pa roj carbon Nanotubes | Bulk modulus 447 GPa tshaj pob zeb diamond; 241 GPa yog plaub npaug ntawm pob zeb diamond |
Kev sib cav txog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotubes thiab pob zeb diamond thaum kawg muab cov lus teb uas yog kev ua haujlwm - ua haujlwm ntawm "siab." Siv lub siab txaus rau cov pa roj carbon nanotubes, thiab lawv yuav dhau pob zeb diamond los ua "Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Ultrahard."
Qhov no yog qhov ntxim nyiam kawg ntawm cov pa roj carbon nanotubes: lawv tuaj yeem "mos" txaus rau curl rau hauv nanoscale xov hlau thiab "nyuaj" txaus kom dhau pob zeb diamond. Los ntawm Yanshan University's 241 GPa cov ntaub ntawv rau Tanfeng Cov Khoom Tshiab cov khoom ruaj khov ntawm ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 98% purity carbon nanotubes, qhov "kev sib cav sib ceg nyuaj" yog txav los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav kev lag luam mus rau kev hloov pauv.